2023
Foot Pain
Survey Reveals The Current State of Foot Pain in America
Medically reviewed on Apr 12, 2023
History of Reviews
Introduction
With as many as 8 in 10 Americans experiencing ongoing foot pain, it’s clear that foot pain is a widespread health concern worthy of study.
At KURU Footwear, we believe the highest quality, most comfortable shoes start with a keen understanding of foot pain. That’s why we consistently observe the trends, data, and insights surrounding foot health. This knowledge allows us to make footwear that keeps people’s feet healthy, so they can live the life they love.
In this report, we break down our most recent survey findings and share other relevant data and studies to bring more clarity to the current state of foot pain in America.
Methodology
The data and insights used in this report have been compiled from various sources, including public and private companies, market research firms, and government agencies. We provide citations for publicly available data, and the report also includes non-public information.
To learn more about our products, please visit our website at www.kurufootwear.com.
To learn more about our products, please visit our website at www.kurufootwear.com.
The survey data presented in this report is based on a sample of 6,030 American adults, aged 18 years and older, who reported experiencing foot pain within the last 12 months (January–December 2022). The survey has been conducted with a margin of error of +/- 1.66% and a confidence level of 99%. These results provide a statistically significant representation of the population surveyed.
Please note that the information contained in this report is for informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as an offer to purchase footwear products or professional medical care services. Any such offers or solicitations will only be made through official offering documents.
We do not make any warranties, express or implied, regarding the information presented. Except for medical expert contributions, the information should not be considered professional advice.
We release the Foot Pain Trends report annually and may occasionally highlight new insights as they become available. These updates, revisions, or clarifications can be found on our website at https://www.kurufootwear.com/a/reports/foot-pain-2023.
Key Insights
About 8 in 10 Americans experience ongoing foot pain, with over 95% of those saying foot pain impacts their everyday life in some way.
Individuals who experience regular foot pain are also likely to have other health concerns with 33% reporting back, knee, and hip issues.
The American Podiatric Medical Association’s (APMA) most recent report states that 84% of Americans agreed that it’s important to get the foot care they need and 63% want to know how to better care for their feet.
In fact, our study revealed that 8 in 10 adults (83%) with foot pain spend an average of $228 each month to treat their pain.
These expenses include podiatrist visits, treatments, medications, orthotics, and more. We found that 51% of adults spend $100 per month ($1,200 per year), while 1 in 10 adults spend $250 or more per month ($3k per year) on foot pain-related expenses.
Yet ultimately, for long-term foot health, prevention is key. The Pharmaceutical Journal shared one story of a woman with diabetes who had to have her big toe amputated after a corn became infected and she contracted Gangrene.
The woman said she would have sought earlier treatment if she’d been aware of the early symptoms of this condition.
Ongoing foot care education and early treatment of foot pain is critical in maintaining holistic health and mobility throughout life.
According to APMA’s report, Americans have little knowledge or experience working with podiatrists. In fact, they found that the majority of Americans are more likely to first seek the counsel of their primary care physician about matters of foot health.
The report noted that a podiatrist visit typically occurs only after the ailment puts limitations on a person’s daily activities. Some of the most common conditions that spur a podiatrist visit include plantar fasciitis (most common) followed by pain in the ball of the feet, nail problems, bunions, and pain from wearing high heels.
Yet, recent reports indicate that podiatrist visits are on the rise.
The Podiatry Services Market research by Future Market Insights reported that the market value of the Podiatry Services Market increased at 2.2% CAGR and that General Podiatry is expected to grow at 2.9% CAGR from 2023 to 2033.
Evidence from our study’s findings and APMA’s report suggests that Americans are looking for comfort and foot pain relief in their footwear. APMA reported that the majority of adults (male and female) want their feet to look better and their shoes to be more comfortable.
Our study found similar results. A total of 88% of adults in our survey buy shoes with foot pain in mind.
This also aligns with Grand View Research’s market analysis report, which states that “fashion footwear has been losing market share to more comfortable and athleisure-oriented segments.” Their report showed that the fastest growing global shoe segment is athletic-based footwear.
So what makes a shoe comfortable, and therefore potentially relieving to those with foot pain when walking? The Journal of Foot and Ankle Research published a study noting that there are some consistent footwear attributes that constitute a comfortable shoe.
A comfortable shoe is deemed to be one that:
- Fits the foot appropriately
- Uses softer and more compliant materials in the upper, midsole, and insole
- Has a lower heel elevation
- Is lightweight
Importance of foot care (2019)
Podiatry Services Market (2023)
Areas of the Foot Where Adults in the US Experience Foot Pain in 2023
In studying several types of foot pain, we discovered that pain under the heel was the most common for adults (58%), followed by underneath the arch (50%), at the ball of the foot (38%), some toes (27%), at the ankle (26%), top of the foot (19%), and at the toes (7%).
One of the most common sources of under-the-heel pain is plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis often starts as pain in the heel of the foot and often extends to pain in the arch of the foot.
Below, we unpack some common foot pain conditions affecting Americans.
Under the Heel-
Underneath the Arch
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At the Ball of the Foot
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Some Toes
-
At the Ankle
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Top of the Foot
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At the Toes
Our study shows that 38% of Americans experience ball-of-foot pain, 58% have pain under the heel, and 50% experience foot arch pain (underneath the arch).
A few common sources of this bottom-of-foot pain include plantar fasciitis, Morton’s neuroma, and metatarsalgia. These conditions are often the result of overuse, a sudden increase in a training regime, consistently walking on hard surfaces, or wearing improper footwear.
- Heel Spurs & Os Trigonum
Heel Spurs and Os Trigonum are overgrowths of bone in the form of calcium deposits on the calcaneus, or heel bone.
This buildup is caused by strain and wear and tear on your foot, and can be a response to inflammation. When inflammation occurs regularly, your body builds up extra bone to try and protect that area.
A total of 14% of our survey respondents reported having heel spurs.
OS Trigonum is a small bone that can sometimes be found in the ankle joint. It is not present in everyone, but when it is, it is typically located behind the talus bone, one of the bones in the ankle. The OS Trigonum can cause pain and discomfort, particularly in athletes who participate in activities that require repetitive ankle movements, such as ballet dancers, soccer players, and gymnasts.
When the OS Trigonum is present and causing pain, it is often referred to as “OS Trigonum Syndrome.” This condition can be treated with rest, ice, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medication. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the OS Trigonum and relieve the pain and discomfort.
- Plantar Fasciitis & Plantar Fibromatosis
Plantar fasciitis is the most common source of heel pain in the US. It is a chronic foot pain condition that develops when the fibrous band of tissue under our feet—our plantar fascia—becomes irritated and inflamed. Pain typically starts at the heel and can radiate through the sole of the foot.
Plantar Fibromatosis, or Ledderhose Disease, is a rare fibrous tissue disorder that causes nodules to form along the plantar fascia.
A total of 45% of our survey respondents reported having plantar fasciitis. Additionally, our contributing medical experts reported plantar fasciitis as 1 of 3 most common types of foot pain in patients.
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome & Tarsal Coalition
Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs when the posterior tibial nerve becomes compressed, causing pain or numbness in the foot.
A tarsal coalition is a condition in which one or more of the tarsal bones of the foot grow into each other, causing stiffness, pain, and difficulties with walking or mobility.
- Gout & Turf Toe
Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically affects a single joint, often in the big toe. A total of 35% of survey respondents reported having some form of arthritis.
Another toe disorder, turf toe, is a sprain of the ligament underneath your big toe. This condition is common in athletes who consistently sprint or jump.
- Achilles Tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis is pain and inflammation of the Achilles tendon. The largest tendon in the human body, the Achilles tendon attaches the heel bone to the calf muscle and is involved in almost every standing activity.
A total of 11% of our survey respondents reported having tendonitis. Tendonitis is most common in jumping athletes, runners, and those who ramp up their activity level too quickly.
- Bunions & Bunionettes
Bunions, or hallux valgus, happen when the bones in your toes come out of their proper alignment. Bunions can be genetically inherited and worsen through prolonged use of too-narrow footwear.
- Metatarsalgia & Morton’s Neuroma
Metatarsalgia is inflammation of the metatarsal bones on the foot. It can develop with repeated high-impact activities or footwear without enough cushion or arch support.
Morton’s neuroma is a condition in which the nerves in the ball of the foot become irritated and the surrounding tissue thickens around them. This condition most commonly occurs between the third and fourth toes.
A total of 6% of our survey respondents reported having Morton’s neuroma.
Our study found that 45% of adults have pain in either the top of the foot or at the ankle.
Common front of foot and ankle conditions include extensor tendonitis, stress fractures, posterior tibial tendonitis, ankle sprain, and more.
Read on and view our foot pain chart to discover more information on the most common front of foot and ankle conditions below.
- Sinus Tarsi Syndrome
Sinus tarsi syndrome is an instability of the joint that connects the foot to the heel. It is associated with chronic pain on the front or side of the ankle, a sensation of instability, and difficulty walking on uneven surfaces.
- Extensor Tendonitis
Typically felt as pain on the top of the foot, extensor tendonitis is pain and inflammation in the tendons that extend the toes into dorsiflexion (a flexed foot).
- Claw Toe
A claw toe is one or more toes that are bent in a claw-like manner. Claw toes can be caused by nerve issues or arthritis.
- Tibialis Anterior Tendonitis
Tibialis anterior tendonitis is pain and inflammation of the tendon in the inside of the ankle joint. It is an overuse injury that can occur from too much training, running on uneven surfaces, overpronated feet, or too-tight footwear.
- Ankle Sprain
An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments in your ankle become overstretched. Often ankle sprains happen as a sudden sensation of a “pop” or “pull.” It is most common to experience lateral foot pain—or side of foot pain—often accompanied by swelling or bruising.
- Posterior Tibial Tendonitis
Posterior tibial tendonitis is pain and inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon, which is located on the inside of the foot.
- Stress Fractures
A stress fracture is a small, hairline fracture that occurs in the outer layers of bone. Stress fractures are common in high-impact athletes or individuals who suddenly increase their training load. Stress fractures are common in the metatarsal bones with a common symptom being pain on the top of the foot when walking.
- Mallet Toe & Hammer Toe
Both mallet toe and hammer toe result in an abnormal bend in the joints of the toe. Most common in the second toe, mallet toe bends too much at the joint nearest the toenail, while hammertoe bends too much in the toe’s middle joint. A total of 8% of survey respondents reported having hammer toe.
When a person experiences foot pain, the consequences rarely stop there. Everything in our bodies is connected, and pain in one location often has a root cause or symptoms in a completely different region.
Our survey found that back, knee, and hip pain are common conditions among those with foot pain. Contributing medical experts also reported these three areas of the body as the most common accompanying issues experienced alongside foot pain.
Plantar Fasciitis
Back Pain
Heel Pain
Knee Pain-
Hip Pain
Arthritis-
Flat Feet
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Heel Spurs
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Neuropathy
Tendonitis
Diabetes
Hammer Toe
Fibromyalgia
Morton’s Neuroma
Understanding the Prevalence of Foot Pain in 2023
Foot pain is a common issue globally, affecting millions of people worldwide. Our study found that 83% of those with foot pain have experienced ongoing pain in the past 12 months, and nearly 1 in 4 (24%) adults report they’ve experienced foot pain between 1-3 years.
A study published in the National Library of Medicine followed a variety of cohorts internationally and found that foot pain was common, ranging from 13% to 36%. The study also noted that foot pain was “generally more prevalent in women and obese individuals and generally increased with age.”
The prevalence of foot pain can vary depending on factors including age, gender, lifestyle, and underlying medical conditions. Some common risk factors for foot pain include obesity, arthritis, flat feet, high-impact physical activities, and ill-fitting shoes.
An understanding of foot pain risk factors can help individuals seek effective treatment and prevention strategies. It can also help healthcare professionals identify high-risk individuals and provide targeted interventions to reduce the burden of foot pain.
Emotional factors such as depression, anxiety, and other indicators of emotional distress are more common in people with persistent pain than in pain-free controls for a range of conditions.
- Underneath the Arch
- At the Ankle
- At the Ball of Your Foot
- Some Toes
- All Toes
- Top of the Foot
Foot pain can be caused by a variety of biological factors, including injury, overuse, aging, disease, and structural abnormalities.
Foot injuries such as sprains, fractures, and nerve damage can lead to pain and long treatment times, including potential surgeries. These types of injuries can often happen suddenly. Our survey found that 37% of adults began to experience foot pain in just the last 12 months.
Overuse conditions, such plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendonitis, tend to become more chronic from repeated stress on the foot. These conditions can sometimes be tough to treat, and often require a treatment plan of specific stretches and exercises from a physical therapist.
Aging can lead to conditions such as osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis results from wear and tear on the cartilage that cushions the ends of your joints. This damage can occur gradually over time, or more rapidly as the result of an injury.
Foot pain can also be a symptom of underlying health conditions, including gout, diabetes, or nerve conditions like peripheral neuropathy. Structural abnormalities such as flat feet, high arches, or unequal leg length can also contribute to foot pain.
As individuals age, various biological and structural changes occur that can contribute to the development of foot pain. Our study found that 15% of respondents reported they’ve experienced foot pain for 10+ years.
For example, decreased muscle mass, decreased circulation, and changes in gait patterns can contribute to chronic conditions, such as plantar fasciitis and neuropathy.
Additionally, the degeneration of bones, joints, and soft tissues can trigger conditions such as osteoarthritis and tendonitis, which can cause foot pain.
Older adults may also have a higher likelihood of developing comorbidities such as diabetes and peripheral artery disease, which can also increase the risk of foot pain.
Each person’s genetic makeup plays a role in both whether they develop foot pain and how to best treat it.
Certain genetic predispositions have been linked to increased susceptibility to conditions such as plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, and osteoarthritis, which all can cause foot pain symptoms.
For instance, some inherited foot structures—such as flat feet or high arches—have been shown to increase the likelihood of developing plantar fasciitis.
The Framingham Foot Study also suggests that bunions can form due to a genetic predisposition.
Additionally, some genetic mutations have been associated with an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy, a condition that can cause pain, tingling, and numbness in the feet.
Foot biomechanics—or the way the foot moves during gait and physical activity—can significantly impact the onset of foot pain.
Abnormal foot biomechanics, such as overpronation or supination, can cause excessive strain on the feet, leading to conditions such as plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, and stress fractures.
Poor alignment of the feet and foot structures such as high arches or flat feet can also alter foot biomechanics and increase the likelihood of developing foot pain.
Regular monitoring of foot biomechanics and prompt treatment of any foot pain—including wearing supportive footwear—can help maintain foot health.
Athletes, active individuals, and those just starting a new exercise routine are the most at-risk groups for developing trauma or overuse foot and ankle injuries.
Injuries such as shin splints, Achilles tendonitis, and plantar fasciitis can suddenly or gradually develop, especially if a person regularly trains on hard, unforgiving surfaces or increases their training workload too much too quickly.
Yet the majority of our survey respondents (63%) said their foot pain did not begin due to an injury, event, or change in profession.
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No
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Yes
Medical conditions—including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and peripheral neuropathy—can significantly contribute to foot pain.
These conditions can affect the nerves, blood flow, and structure of the feet, making them more susceptible to injury and pain. Understanding the link between medical conditions and foot pain is important for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Effective treatment strategies may include medication, lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, and orthotics to relieve pain and improve foot function.
Studies have shown that various social factors—including poverty, race/ethnicity, education level, and employment status—can contribute to the development of foot pain.
Those living in poverty are more likely to have foot pain due to limited access to health care and poor working conditions. Similarly, certain racial/ethnic groups and those with low levels of education and employment status are also at higher risk for foot pain.
These social factors can lead to increased stress and physical demands, as well as decreased access to resources to manage foot pain, which can exacerbate the condition.
With lockdowns and social distancing measures in place starting in 2020, more people began spending an increased amount of time at home.
This reality has led many to a more sedentary lifestyle and decreased physical activity, resulting in an increase in foot pain brought on by inactivity, improper posture, and prolonged sitting.
Additionally, more people have been working from home, leading to an increase in the use of laptops and other digital devices, which can cause eye strain and other musculoskeletal problems, including foot pain.
Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced access to health care services and resources, making it difficult for people to manage and treat their foot pain.
Studies have shown that individuals from backgrounds that had a lower socio-economic status (SES) are more likely to have limited access to preventative health care, proper footwear, and healthy lifestyle choices, which can increase their risk for foot pain.
Individuals with a lower SES might also have occupations that require prolonged standing, walking, or manual labor, which can contribute to the development of foot pain.
Early intervention and prompt treatment can help reduce the risk of long-term foot pain and disability.
Jobs that involve prolonged standing, walking, or wearing heavy or ill-fitting footwear can put increased stress on the feet, leading to conditions such as plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, and heel pain.
Similarly, occupations that require repetitive motions—such as construction jobs or assembly-line work—can also contribute to the development of foot pain and injury, such as overuse injuries.
Early intervention and prompt treatment can help reduce the risk of long-term foot pain and disability in workers.
Lifestyle factors can have a significant impact on the development of foot pain.
- 1
High-impact sports or other physical activity, such as running or jumping, can increase the risk of foot pain and injury, especially if the individual has increased their workload intensity too quickly or they are not wearing appropriate footwear.
- 2
Weight gain or obesity can contribute to the development of foot pain by putting increased stress on the feet, which can result in changes in foot posture. Overweight individuals are at a higher risk of developing conditions such as plantar fasciitis and metatarsalgia.
- 3
Certain natural foot shapes, including flat feet and high arches, can contribute to the development of foot pain. These conditions often correlate with pronation or supination of the foot, leading to gait abnormalities.
- 4
Overall, these trends highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle—including regular physical activity, weight management, and wearing appropriate footwear—to help prevent the development of foot pain.
Wearing shoes that fit improperly—such as being too tight or too loose—or shoes with worn-out soles or insoles, can increase the risk of developing foot pain conditions, including plantar fasciitis, heel pain, top of foot pain, and metatarsalgia.
Additionally, footwear that lacks adequate arch support, cushioning, or shock absorption can increase the risk of foot pain and injury.
Since worn-out shoes can result in increased pressure on certain areas of the foot and body, podiatrists recommend changing out footwear every 300–500 miles, or about 8–12 months.
Foot pain is a common issue, affecting a large portion of the population.
In fact, one study found that 17-24% have foot pain at any given time and our study found that 80% of Americans have foot pain currently.
The increased use of technology and sedentary lifestyles may be contributing to the rise in foot pain. Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as arthritis, can also increase the likelihood of experiencing foot pain.
Overall, foot pain is a considerable issue among Americans and a growing concern for public health.
Mental Health and Foot Pain in 2023
Experts agree that individuals with foot pain are at higher risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress.
Foot pain can also negatively impact quality of life and reduce overall well-being. Individuals with chronic foot pain often report feelings of frustration, hopelessness, and a loss of control over their daily lives. This can result in decreased self-esteem and increased feelings of anxiety and depression.
The physical limitations imposed by foot pain can limit physical activity and reduce opportunities for social interaction, leading to increased feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Foot pain can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, including their mental health and well-being.
Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, can worsen existing foot pain and contribute to the development of new foot pain.
The opposite is also true: the presence of chronic foot pain can lead to psychological distress and a negative impact on mental health.
Stress is a natural—even healthy—response of the body when it needs to exert extra focus or action to a situation. It only leads to negative health outcomes when stress becomes excessive, acute, or chronic.
A heightened stress response, or “fight or flight,” can move blood away from the extremities and into the large muscles of the body. This leads to cold feet, poor foot circulation, and increased muscle tension—a recipe for increased foot pain.
Chronic stress can even lead to changes in posture and walking patterns, leading to discomfort and pain in the feet. Stress can also affect the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to foot injuries and infections.
Regular monitoring and management of stress levels can help prevent the development or progression of foot pain.
Depression and anxiety are mental health conditions that can significantly impact foot pain. People who suffer from depression and anxiety are more likely to experience chronic pain, including foot pain.
These conditions can affect a person’s coping strategies, leading to the development of maladaptive coping mechanisms, including substance abuse, avoidance, and inactivity, which can worsen foot pain.
Depression and anxiety can also disrupt sleep patterns, leading to decreased pain tolerance and increased sensitivity to pain in the feet. Regular monitoring and management of depression and anxiety levels can help prevent the development or progression of foot pain.
Chronic pain—or pain that persists for more than three months—is a significant contributing factor to foot pain. Chronic pain in the feet can result from a variety of causes, including injury, disease, or other underlying conditions.
Those who have chronic pain in other parts of the body may be more likely to experience pain in the feet as they make compensations in their gait. Chronic pain may also lead to decreased physical activity and mobility, which can future exacerbate foot pain.
People with chronic pain are also at a higher risk of developing depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions, which can further contribute to foot pain.
Those who resort to maladaptive coping behaviors—such as avoidance or substance abuse—in response to stress or emotional distress may be at a higher risk of developing foot pain.
These unhealthy coping strategies can interfere with effective pain management and prevent individuals from seeking timely medical attention, leading to chronic and increased pain in the feet.
In addition, these coping behaviors can cause physiological changes that increase pain levels and reduce the effectiveness of treatment.
Those who have survived previous emotional trauma or intense negative experiences, such as physical or emotional abuse, may be more likely to experience foot pain.
This correlation between previous traumatic experiences and an increased likelihood of foot pain is believed to be due to the ways psychological stress is stored in the body. Psychological stress can result in increased muscle tension and changes in the nervous system, which can lead to pain and discomfort in the feet.
In fact, a 2016 peer-reviewed study found that those reporting worse foot pain were more also likely to report depressive symptoms.
Individuals who have experienced traumatic events may also be more likely to adopt behaviors that contribute to the development of foot pain, such as avoiding physical activity or wearing shoes that do not fit properly.
The Intersection of Foot Pain and Mobility
Foot pain and the resulting limitations on mobility can significantly impact one’s quality of life.
Since foot pain causes discomfort and often limits one’s ability to be physically active, it can result in decreased mobility and overall well-being.
APMA’s study found that 51% of adults have activities that are restricted due to foot pain. That number shoots up to 83% among those with consistent foot pain. The study also found that those with foot pain “wished” they could do more, including walking, exercise, and participating in more activities.
Ultimately, evidence suggests foot pain can reduce one’s ability to perform daily activities or participation in physical and social activities, thereby leading to a reduction in their quality of life.
Foot pain can have a significant impact on a person’s daily life and independence.
Studies have shown that foot pain can reduce physical function, mobility, and quality of life. It can limit an individual’s ability to perform daily activities, such as walking, standing, and exercising, and lead to decreased independence.
Our study found that 58% of adults with foot pain report that they experience foot pain daily , and on average, people with foot pain report that their pain fluctuates between “moderate” and “severe” (averaging between 4–6).
Studies have shown that early intervention can prevent the development of chronic foot problems and improve outcomes in individuals with foot pain.
For example, early treatment of conditions such as plantar fasciitis can help reduce pain and prevent the development of long-term complications.
Early intervention can help individuals with foot pain maintain mobility and independence, allowing them to continue participating in physical activity and daily tasks. Early treatment can also help prevent the development of secondary conditions such as back pain, which can result from compensation for foot pain.
Early treatment can also help prevent the development of secondary conditions such as back pain, which can result from compensation for foot pain.
Trends show that assistive devices play an important role in managing foot pain and improving mobility.
Studies have shown that the use of orthotics, braces, and other supportive devices can effectively reduce pain and improve function in individuals with various types of foot problems.
For example, orthotics can provide arch support and cushioning, and braces can help stabilize the foot and reduce pain caused by conditions such as plantar fasciitis. The use of walking aids such as canes and crutches can also help individuals with foot pain maintain mobility and independence.
These trends highlight the important role of assistive devices in managing foot pain and improving mobility, and suggest that they should be considered as a component of a comprehensive approach to foot care.
Research suggests that foot pain has a significant impact on sleep and energy levels.
Studies have shown that individuals with foot pain often experience sleep disturbance and reduced sleep quality, which can lead to increased daytime fatigue and decreased physical functioning. Foot pain can also negatively impact mood and quality of life.
Furthermore, research has also indicated that individuals with foot pain are more likely to experience sleep disturbances such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night, and reduced overall sleep duration.
These trends highlight the need for effective management of foot pain in order to improve sleep and energy levels and enhance overall well-being.
- 1
Decreased cardiovascular health: Regular exercise helps to maintain good cardiovascular health, so a decrease in physical activity due to foot pain may lead to a decline in this aspect of overall health.
- 2
Increased weight gain: Physical activity is important for controlling body weight, so a decrease in physical activity due to foot pain can result in weight gain and obesity.
- 3
Decreased muscle strength and tone: Exercise helps to maintain strong muscles, so a decrease in physical activity can lead to muscle weakness and a loss of tone.
- 4
Increased risk of chronic diseases: Physical activity helps to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. A decrease in physical activity due to foot pain may increase the risk of developing these conditions.
- 5
Decreased mental health: Physical activity is important for maintaining good mental health. A decrease in physical activity due to foot pain may lead to an increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Exercising
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Walking
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Household Chores
There’s a growing recognition of the importance of early and effective treatment to ensure one’s quality of life.
Research has shown that untreated foot pain can lead to decreased mobility, increased risk of falls, and reduced quality of life.
As a result, healthcare providers are increasingly emphasizing the importance of seeking early treatment, consistent exercise, and proactive management of foot pain to prevent these negative outcomes and improve patient outcomes.
Approaches to Diagnosing and Managing Foot Pain in the US
There is an increasing trend toward using a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing and managing foot pain in the US.
These approaches include the use of patient history, physical examination, and advanced imaging techniques, along with the integration of podiatrists and other foot care specialists in the diagnostic and treatment process.
In fact, our study found that 59% of adults with foot pain have been formally diagnosed with a foot condition.
Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on the importance of patient education and lifestyle changes, such as proper footwear and physical therapy, in managing foot pain.
The use of complementary and alternative therapies, such as massage and acupuncture, is also becoming more prevalent in the US for the management of foot pain.
There has been a growing trend in recent years toward seeing podiatrists and other foot care specialists for the diagnosis and treatment of foot pain.
Patients are increasingly seeking the expertise and specialized training of these healthcare professionals to address their foot pain and prevent further complications. Our study found that 49% of adults with foot pain have been formally diagnosed with a foot condition through clinical diagnosis.
Yet, research indicates that many adults are not always familiar with the differences in medical providers to treat foot pain. One 186-person survey conducted by Clinical Medical and Research found that 80% of patients thought orthopedic surgeons and podiatrists undergo the same professional training, and the majority preferred seeing an orthopedic surgeon (65%) over a podiatrist (9.6%) for an ankle injury.
Podiatrists are trained in the anatomy and physiology of the foot and lower leg and can diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions, including foot injuries, arthritis, and skin problems. With the increasing prevalence of foot pain, more individuals are turning to podiatrists and other foot care specialists for comprehensive and effective care.
The APMA’s study reports that Americans have positive experiences with podiatrists, and the average rating of podiatrists within the healthgrades.com directory is 4.2 out of 5 stars of the 12847 podiatrists receiving ratings.
The APMA’s study reports that Americans have positive experiences with podiatrists, and the average rating of podiatrists within the healthgrades.com directory is 4.2 out of 5 stars of the 12847 podiatrists receiving ratings.
Imaging techniques, such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans, play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of foot pain.
By providing detailed images of the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the foot, these techniques allow healthcare providers to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of pain and develop an effective treatment plan.
Additionally, advancements in imaging technology have made these tests faster, more affordable, and more widely available, making them an increasingly important tool for managing foot pain.
In our survey, 59% of adults with foot pain have been formally diagnosed with a foot condition by the following methods. In some cases, an adult may have reported more than one:
- 49% Clinical Diagnosis
- 38% X-ray
- 9% MRI
- 7% CT Scan
- 7% Ultrasound Scan
Conservative treatments refer to non-invasive or minimally invasive methods used to manage foot pain.
These treatments typically include physical therapy, custom orthotics, and lifestyle modifications.
A total of 69% of survey respondents report using an orthotic or insert, 43% of respondents report using physical therapy, and 72% of respondents report using ice.
On a scale of 1-4 (1 being not effective at all, 4 being extremely effective), orthotics/inserts fell at 2.087 on the effectiveness scale, physical therapy fell at 2.179, and ice fell at 1.777.
In recent years, there has been a trend toward increased use of conservative treatments as people seek to avoid surgical procedures and manage their pain through less invasive means.
As more research is conducted and technology advances, new conservative treatments are becoming available to help manage foot pain, making these treatments a popular option for those looking to alleviate their symptoms.
The use of medications in foot pain management has become increasingly prevalent. With advancements in the field of pharmacology, various types of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and corticosteroids are being used to manage foot pain.
In our survey, of 6,030 survey respondents, 71% said they′ve used over-the-counter medication and 38% said they′ve used prescribed medications to treat their foot pain.
In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques have become increasingly popular as they result in less pain, shorter recovery time, and improved cosmetic results compared to traditional open surgery.
Of 6,030 survey respondents, 20% said they’ve turned to surgery to treat their foot pain.
The use of computer-assisted surgery, robotics, and other advanced technologies have improved surgical accuracy, leading to better patient outcomes.
The trend toward minimally invasive and technology-assisted surgery for managing foot pain reflects a general shift toward more efficient, effective, and patient-centered care.
APMA’s study found that of those with the most common foot ailments, few are likely to visit a podiatrist to get them addressed. But the more severe the foot issue (such as surgery), the more likely to consider a podiatrist.
The use of alternative and complementary therapies for managing foot pain in the United States has increased in recent years, driven by a desire for non-invasive and less expensive treatment options.
A systematic review found that the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for chronic pain management, including foot pain, has increased over time. Another study showed that the most commonly used CAM modalities for pain relief include massage, acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicine.
Patients with foot pain are turning toward CAM therapies as they are often less invasive and have fewer side effects compared to traditional medical treatments. The rise of alternative and complementary therapies in managing foot pain reflects a growing trend toward a more holistic approach to health and wellness.
The use of stretching and exercise for the management of foot pain, particularly plantar fasciitis, has increased in recent years as more research highlights their efficacy.
A total of 79% of our survey respondents report using stretching exercises; Stretching/exercises fell at 1.991 on the effectiveness scale (1 being not at all effective, 4 being extremely effective).
A systematic review of studies found that exercise, particularly stretching, can be effective in reducing pain and improving functional abilities in individuals with plantar fasciitis.
Physical therapy, which often includes stretching and exercise, has also been shown to be a valuable tool in the management of foot pain.
Stretching can help to improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension in the feet, while exercises can strengthen the muscles and support structures of the feet.
The rise of stretching and exercise as a means of managing foot pain reflects a growing trend toward more conservative and non-invasive treatments.
Our study found 68% of survey respondents report using massage and 24% report using acupuncture. Both fell at about 2 on a scale of pain relief from 1–4 (1 being not effective at all, 4 being extremely effective).
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Increased awareness: People are becoming more aware of the benefits of alternative therapies for managing pain.
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A desire for non-invasive treatments: Many people are seeking less invasive treatments for pain management.
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Improved access to information: The rise of the internet has made it easier for people to access information about complementary therapies and how they can help with foot pain.
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More holistic approach to health: There has been a shift toward a more holistic approach to health and wellness, with people looking for therapies that address the root cause of their pain, rather than just treating the symptoms.
- 5
Integration with conventional medicine: Complementary therapies are increasingly being integrated with conventional medical treatments, allowing people to take a multi-disciplinary approach to managing their foot pain.
- 6
These factors have contributed to the growing popularity of massage and other complementary therapies for foot pain management.
Foot Pain Diagnosis (2023)
What is a Podiatrist? (2021)
What is a Podiatrist? (2022)
Podiatry (2010)
Conservative therapy for plantar fasciitis: a narrative review of randomized controlled trials (2006)
Foot Pain Management (2022)
Surgical Treatment for the Ankle and Foot in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review (2019)
Foot and Ankle Surgery (2022)
Easing Foot Pain
When it comes to proper treatment of foot pain conditions, it’s vital for patients to start with a baseline understanding of foot health and common symptoms in order to seek the appropriate treatment and manage pain effectively.
Yet, the APMA reports that most Americans don’t often think about foot health and most do the bare minimum for their feet—simply trimming their toenails.
The good news is that the APMA reports patients want to learn more! And it can start at a person’s primary care visit.
“Improvements in [diabetes] education, with special attention to the integration of health psychology, health behavior theories, communication theories, patient empowerment, and cultural beliefs, may eventually manifest as improved behavior and self-care practices,” reported a study in the Journal of Diabetes Nursing.
Not only can doctor-to-patient education improve patient’s self-care outcomes, it can help prevent complications down the road.
This report also stated that, “preventive care practices include early identification of the high risk diabetic foot, early diagnosis of foot problems, early intervention to prevent further deterioration that may lead to amputation and patient education for proper care of the feet and footwear.”
Similarly, patients who are aware of plantar fasciitis symptoms can spur their healing and help prevent a more chronic condition by following best practices for the condition, which include consistent stretches, taping, and individualized education, according to a study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Overall, evidence suggests that patient education in a clinical setting can help improve patient outcomes for those with foot pain conditions.
The type of footwear an individual wears can impact the distribution of pressure on the foot, which can lead to pain and discomfort.
Poorly designed or ill-fitting footwear can also cause or contribute to existing foot problems such as plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, and overpronation.
A 2018 study published in the Journal of Foot and Ankle research found that a “large proportion of the population wear incorrectly sized footwear, which is associated with foot pain and foot disorders.”
By contrast, well-designed, supportive footwear can help distribute weight evenly and reduce the risk of developing foot pain.
Dr. Jamila A. Butcher, DPM & AACFAS of Bayou City Foot and Ankle, shares these tips on quality footwear:
- Shoes with good arch support can help alleviate foot pain by helping to distribute your weight evenly across your foot.
- Proper fit: It’s important to choose shoes that fit properly and have enough room for your toes. Shoes that are too tight or too loose can cause foot pain.
- Breathability: Shoes that are made of breathable materials can help keep your feet cool and dry, which can help reduce foot pain.
- Cushioning: Shoes with cushioning can help absorb shock and reduce the impact on your feet when you walk.
- Stable heel: A stable heel can help reduce foot pain by providing support and helping to keep your foot in proper alignment.
- Motion control: Shoes with motion control features can help reduce foot pain by limiting the amount of pronation (inward rolling of the foot) that occurs when you walk.
APMA’s report found that 66% of women and 62% of men want shoes to be more comfortable. Our study found that 88% of adults buy shoes with foot pain in mind.
Additionally, in a November 2021 survey of 400 people, KURU Footwear found that 46% of people say comfort is the most important factor when it comes to choosing footwear, while 25% said that style is the most important consideration.
Regular foot exams can help identify potential problems such as foot injuries, infections, and underlying medical conditions that may be causing foot pain.
Early detection and treatment can prevent the development of more serious health issues and improve overall foot and lower limb health.
Regular foot exams can also be an opportunity for individuals to have their gait and foot mechanics evaluated, which can lead to improved mobility and reduced risk of future foot problems.
Insurance plays an important role in foot pain management by covering the cost of treatment and procedures that may be necessary to alleviate pain and improve the overall health of the feet. This can include modalities such as physical therapy, orthotic inserts, and surgery.
Currently, there is a trend toward value-based care in the healthcare industry, which aims to improve patient outcomes while controlling costs. This may include a shift toward preventive care, such as regular foot exams and screenings to detect and prevent foot pain before it becomes a major issue.
There is also an increasing emphasis on non-surgical treatments for foot pain, such as physical therapy, chiropractic care, and orthotic inserts. Insurance plans may cover these types of treatments as an alternative to more invasive and costly procedures.
Lastly, many insurance companies are increasingly focused on providing coverage for wearable technologies, such as smart insoles, that can help monitor and manage foot pain.
Diabetes and Your Feet (2022)
Foot Pain Management (2023)
Cost of Foot Pain
As the public’s foot health awareness grows, more and more people are investing in foot care products.
Our study found that 8 in 10 adults (83%) with foot pain spend money each month to treat their pain. This includes expenses such as podiatrist visits, treatments, medications, orthotics, etc.
This increasing interest in foot care products has led to the creation of new products and new ways of delivering those products to consumers.
Recent reports by Allied Market Research note that the foot care products market size was valued at $2.92 billion in 2019, and is anticipated to reach $4.59 billion by 2027.
The rise of e-commerce has had a significant impact on the foot care industry, with consumers opting for the convenience and accessibility of online shopping.
E-commerce has allowed for a wider range of foot care products to be available to consumers, with the added benefits of personalized recommendations and reviews.
The shift toward online purchasing has also impacted traditional brick and mortar stores, as they adapt to compete in the digital marketplace.
As e-commerce continues to grow, it is expected to further shape the future of the foot care product sales landscape.
Research has shown that consumers prefer natural and organic foot care products due to concerns over chemical exposure, the desire for eco-friendly options, and the belief that these products are more effective and gentle on the skin.
The shift in consumer preferences has led to an increase in the availability of natural and organic foot care products in the market, with companies responding to the demand by offering a wider range of options.
Over-the-counter (OTC) foot care products have seen a rise in popularity due to increased consumer demand for convenient, accessible, and affordable ways to manage common foot problems such as blisters, calluses, corns, and athlete’s foot.
These products offer a quick and simple solution for foot pain, without the need for prescription or doctor’s visits.
The rise in OTC foot care products has been driven by increased awareness of foot health, and the desire for people to take more control over their own well-being.
Foot Care Products Market (2020)
Personal Care – Worldwide (2022)
OTC Sales Statistics (2022)
Leading the Way in Foot Health and Wellness Technological Innovation
The field of foot health and wellness is rapidly advancing, with a number of organizations and companies leading the way in technological innovation.
These organizations are utilizing cutting-edge technologies such as wearable devices, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence to become leaders in the way foot health is monitored, diagnosed, and treated.
With a focus on improving patient outcomes and making foot health care more accessible, these companies are working to create new solutions that will help individuals live more active and pain-free lives.
Wearable technology has helped bring added convenience to the way individuals can monitor their foot health.
These devices can track steps taken, monitor activity levels, and detect foot pain and injury. Some wearables also have sensors that can measure the pressure applied to different parts of the foot, providing insights into gait patterns and identifying potential issues.
Wearable technology allows individuals to proactively monitor their foot health and address issues before they become more serious. This technology has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes, and is becoming an increasingly popular tool for individuals looking to improve and manage their foot health.
Smart shoe technology is a rapidly evolving field aimed at improving foot health and managing foot pain.
Smart shoes are equipped with sensors and other technologies that can track steps taken, monitor activity levels, and detect foot pain and injury. Some smart shoes also have built-in orthotics and other features that can provide real-time feedback and adjust to the individual’s needs.
This technology has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes by proactively managing foot health and addressing issues before they become more serious.
Virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly being used in the treatment of foot pain. VR allows patients to engage in immersive experiences that distract from pain and provide physical therapy exercises.
This technology can also be used to simulate real-life scenarios, allowing patients to practice activities that may be difficult or painful in a safe and controlled environment.
By providing a unique and interactive form of therapy, VR has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes and speed up the recovery process. VR can also be a more accessible option for patients who live in remote areas or have mobility issues, as it eliminates the need to travel to a physical therapy center.
3D printing technology has revolutionized the way custom orthotics are manufactured, making the process faster, more precise and more accessible.
With 3D printing, orthotics can be manufactured on demand, allowing for a higher degree of customization and a better fit for the individual. This technology also eliminates the need for multiple fittings and allows for quicker turnaround time between the fitting and receiving the orthotic device.
The use of 3D printing in the manufacturing of custom orthotics has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes, providing better support and reducing pain and discomfort.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in the field of foot health diagnosis, allowing for faster and more accurate diagnoses. AI algorithms can analyze medical images such as X-rays or MRIs, and provide a diagnosis or identify areas of concern with a high level of accuracy.
Additionally, AI can be used to analyze patient data and provide personalized treatment plans, taking into account individual factors such as medical history and lifestyle.
The use of AI in foot health diagnosis is a rapidly growing field, and has the potential to greatly improve patient outcomes and increase the efficiency of the healthcare system.
Telemedicine technology has ushered in a new era for the way individuals can receive foot care consultation, making it more accessible and convenient.
With telemedicine, individuals can consult with a healthcare provider through video conferencing or other remote communication methods about certain conditions, reducing the need for in-person visits.
This technology is particularly beneficial for those with mobility issues or for those who live in remote areas. Telemedicine not only improves access to care but also allows for quicker and more efficient diagnoses, treatments and follow-up appointments, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Smartphone apps for foot health tracking and management allow individuals to monitor and manage their foot health from the comfort of their own home.
These apps can track symptoms, provide education on foot conditions, and offer exercises and stretching routines to improve foot health. Some apps also connect users with healthcare providers for remote consultations, allowing for more convenient and accessible foot care.
Robotic technology has been increasingly used in foot surgery and rehabilitation due to its ability to provide precise and minimally invasive procedures.
This technology utilizes computer-controlled robots to assist with surgeries such as ankle replacements and tendon repairs, reducing the risk of human error and allowing for quicker and more efficient recoveries.
Additionally, robotic devices can be used in post-operative rehabilitation to track progress, customize treatment plans and improve outcomes. The use of robotics in foot surgery and rehabilitation promises to radically change the field and provide patients with improved outcomes and faster recoveries.
Ultrasound technology has been widely used in the medical field for various purposes, including the diagnosis and treatment of foot conditions.
In foot care, ultrasound is used to visualize the structures inside the feet, including bones, tendons, and ligaments, which can help healthcare providers diagnose and treat various foot injuries and conditions.
Additionally, ultrasound can also be used to provide therapy for foot pain and injuries by increasing circulation, reducing inflammation, and promoting healing. As a non-invasive and pain-free method, ultrasound technology has become a popular choice for foot care among patients and healthcare providers.
Stem cell technology has brought a wave of new discoveries to the field of medicine and offers a new approach to treating various types of injuries, including those affecting the foot and ankle.
The use of stem cells in foot injury treatment is becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. Stem cells are capable of transforming into different types of cells, including those that make up tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. By injecting stem cells into an injury site, medical professionals can stimulate the body’s natural healing process and improve the recovery time for the patient.
This new approach to foot injury treatment is minimally invasive and offers patients a viable alternative to traditional surgical methods. The goal of stem cell therapy is to improve function and alleviate pain, ultimately improving the quality of life for those with foot injuries.
Conclusion
As we have observed in our study and in researching current trends, foot pain is a growing concern in America, with a wide variety of factors contributing to its increasing prevalence.
Yet, individuals can take proactive measures at home to maintain good foot health, such as consistent exercise, wearing appropriate footwear, and stretching regularly.
Healthcare providers also play a significant role in helping manage foot pain through early diagnosis and treatment of foot pain conditions as well as educating patients on proper foot care and injury prevention.
Working together, individuals and healthcare providers can address the growing trend of foot pain in America. By prioritizing foot health and taking steps to prevent and treat pain, individuals can live with more comfort and mobility, leading to improved overall well-being and a better quality of life.
Acknowledgements
The successful completion of this project was a testament to the tireless efforts, extensive research, and unwavering dedication of our team. We are deeply grateful to the numerous individuals and organizations who provided support throughout the journey.
We extend our heartfelt appreciation to the many esteemed podiatrists and medical experts who generously shared their time and expertise to contribute to the project’s success.
Stella Bard, MD, Texas Rheum
Dr. Jamila A. Butcher, DPM & AACFAS, Bayou City Foot and Ankle
Dr. Jean Holewinski, HCA Florida Aventura Hospital
Jason Hymowitz, DPM, AACFAS, Pfisterer Orthopaedics, Holy Name Medical Center
Dr. Shine John, DPM, FACFAS, SHINE Foot & Ankle Center
Marc Matarazzo, MD, The Center for Bone & Joint Surgery of the Palm Beaches
Dr. Adisa Mujkic, DPM, Foot & Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic
Dr. Lonny Nodelman, DPM, FACFAS, District Foot and Ankle
Dr. Ben Pearl, Arlington Foot and Ankle
Dr. Marie Williams, HCA Florida Aventura Hospital
Sources
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About KURU Footwear
At KURU, our ultimate goal is to keep you doing what you love. Independently owned and based in beautiful Salt Lake City, we engineer supportive footwear with patented tech and feel-it-to-believe-it comfort to empower you to chase your dreams.
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Media Assets
The images linked below are for use by members of the media and may be used solely in editorial content (e.g. broadcast, print, online).
The proper photo credit for each image must be used. Any other use is unauthorized.
To request a photo not featured here, please contact KURU Footwear Media Relations.